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24 Aug 2025 13:20
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  •   Home > News > International

    Welcome to Fairbourne, the Welsh town that could one day be swallowed by the sea

    In some ways, this Welsh town is idyllic. But its 750 residents face an uncertain future and are even being branded the United Kingdom's first climate refugees.


    When Stuart Eves moved to the coastal village of Fairbourne in northern Wales 50 years ago, he thought it would be home for life.

    He fell in love with his "slice of paradise", sandwiched between the rugged mountains of the Snowdonia National Park and the Irish Sea.

    But while he was watching the evening news from the caravan park he runs there, he was shocked to learn the village he had raised his five children in was going to be demolished and surrendered to the sea.

    The local council decided it couldn't afford to protect the town from rising sea levels after 2054.

    Stuart and Fairbourne's 750 other residents were widely branded the UK's first "climate refugees".

    "To actually be told that your village was, as far as the council was concerned, damned and you were going to flood, was just devastating," Stuart said.

    "House prices tumbled 40 per cent overnight, it destroyed people's lives and livelihoods."

    Fairbourne is a sleepy town, where life travels at a gentle pace.

    Many retired couples move from cities in the English midlands for a quieter life, while in summer the village draws in tourists for its breathtaking landscape and uncrowded beaches.

    "Fairbourne is one of those places that time has just forgotten, a lot of people in the village don't lock their cars or lock their doors, they have no need to," Stuart said.

    "Everybody is just so friendly it's just such a lovely place to live."

    But its residents were furious at the council's plans to abandon their home.

    In 2014, Gwynedd Council said it would not maintain flood defences in the village after 2054.

    It predicted the town was at increased risk of flooding because of faster sea level rises and more frequent and intense storms due to global warming.

    It estimated it will cost £27 million ($55 million) to "decommission" the entire village, meaning all homes, roads and shops would be dismantled and surrendered to the sea.

    But it didn't announce what it would do with the families who lived there or offer any compensation.

    "What was the most devastating thing was the way it was handled," Stuart said.

    "How can you work out how much it's going to cost to take the village apart without working out what you're going to do with the people?

    "If we have to move, we've got to abandon this way of life and learn to live in a new way. It's more than just losing your home; it's losing your whole identity."

    Many families moved away, but for those who stayed the impacts are still being felt, particularly by young people.

    Adam Hamilton, 22, manages the local mini mart and said it was impossible to get a mortgage.

    "Unfortunately for a lot of younger people who have grown up here and who want to then go on to buy their own house around here, it's not really possible, at least in the village," Adam said. 

    "The mortgage brokers don't believe that they can guarantee the life-span of the houses around here just because of the flood risk."

    Aasta Brittain, 15, works at the post office during the summer school holidays. She was worried she was going to have to leave her friends and the beach behind.

    "I thought we were going to have to move away," she said.

    "I was quite upset because I like Fairbourne. It's such a nice place to live, so I was really sad that I heard it was going to flood."

    Australian towns in danger

    Hundreds of millions of people face displacement due to climate impacts by 2050, according to the Institute of Economics and Peace, an independent non-profit think tank.

    Climate experts say finding solutions to help people losing their homes needs to be a priority for councils and governments across the world.

    "We are increasingly seeing that sea defences engineered to protect against a one-in-100, or one-in-1,000-year event are actually becoming inadequate due to the ongoing and increasingly rapid rate of sea level rise," said Theodore Keeping, a climate scientist at the Imperial College of London.

    "In the next 2,000 years we expect to see at least 2 metres of sea level rise ... that could be up to six metres depending on our emissions."

    Several Australian towns face the threat of being lost to rising sea levels, including Pelican Point in South Australia.

    A draft coastal strategy predicts a 50 per cent chance the town of almost 900 people could be underwater by 2100.

    The council has set up a committee to come up with solutions to protect the town from the expected flooding, rather than have it swallowed by the sea.

    But it's not just those living in coastal communities at risk.

    "Extreme weather events like heavy rainfall, drought, wildfires and floods are all becoming more likely and also more intense," Mr Keeping said.

    As part of a climate migration deal, Australia is offering 280 visas a year to citizens in the Pacific nation of Tuvalu, as rising seas threaten to make the country uninhabitable in 80 years.

    On the front line in Fairbourne, residents feel isolated and unfairly singled out.

    John McCaffer runs the local hotel and said the village's reputation had been damaged from years of uncertainty and negativity.

    "A lot of people are still scared about it, because many were actually trapped here when they couldn't sell their houses and some lost £70,000 ($145,000) overnight," he said.

    "It has really impacted the tourism here, we have done our best to bring some kind of tourism back, but only now are we starting to see some life back in the village again."

    But despite the uncertainty, there are people still moving to the town.

    Eleanor Bartrum laughs as she jokes about what her friends and family first thought when she said she was moving to Fairbourne.

    She had to retire early for health reasons and moved with her cats from a village in England four years ago, swapping "flat fields" for mountains and the sea.

    "My niece was in hysterics. She'd heard it described as the village of the damned," Eleanor said.

    "Then somebody else said: 'isn't that the Atlantis of Wales?'

    "A couple of my friends said 'is it still there? I would have thought it was underwater by now.'"

    But Eleanor has no regrets, like many residents she refuses to accept the village will be lost to the sea.

    "I couldn't see the time frame being accurate. I have a scientific background, so I read a lot of what was in the public domain, and I just thought, you know what, if it ever happens, it may not even be in my lifetime," she said.

    "There are other areas around the coast that, as far as I'm concerned, are more under threat than we are."

    Fairbourne has not suffered significant tidal flooding in its history.

    In a statement, Gywnedd Council told the ABC it has set up a multi-agency project to address the complex environmental issues in the area.

    "Fairbourne, like many other communities, faces increasing risks of flooding in the future. In addition, there are uncertainties around the resilience of existing defences, their costs and longevity," a spokesperson said.

    "As with any paper relating to the environment, the Masterplan is open to change based on new scientific data.

    "Cyngor Gwynedd's [the council's] responsibility is to work with our partners to sustainably plan ahead to ensure the safety of people living in all coastal communities at serious risk of flooding due to climate change."

    But residents claim communication from the council has been minimal.

    Stuart says it has now told him it will protect the town from flooding for as long as it has the finances to do so.

    But residents are worried about how long the budget will last.

    They say they'll continue to fight to stay in the place they call home, and hope that future councillors will reverse the decision.

    "If you talk to the people in the village if it's going to happen, bring it on, because we're not moving," he said.

    © 2025 ABC Australian Broadcasting Corporation. All rights reserved

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