Frank Duckworth, the man whose mathematical knowledge helped to revolutionise rain-affected cricket, died overnight aged 84.
The English statistician created the Duckworth-Lewis method with Tony Lewis, a model to recalculate scores when limited-over matches were curtailed by weather conditions.
Announcing Duckworth's death, fellow statistician Rob Eastaway said he had been "a very genial man" who was "proud" of the method, despite it leaving casual fans somewhat flummoxed.
"A lot of people either claim they don't understand it or don't like it, but they know deep down, it is the best way of working," he said.
Duckworth spent his entire career working in the nuclear industry.
Originally employed as a metallurgist, he found he had an ability to extract useful information from masses of numerical measurements.
A course in statistics followed and he later became a statistician, being elected as a fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1974.
At the society's conference in 1992, he presented a short paper which proposed a formula for target correction in rain interrupted one-day cricket matches.
This led him to meet Lewis, a mathematics lecturer, who suggested an analysis of one-day score sheets based on Duckworth's proposed formula.
Their method was devised in the wake of a farcical World Cup semi-final between England and South Africa in 1992.
Rain stopped play with South Africa needing 22 runs from 13 balls, but on resumption, the then-method of recalculation, which was based on productive overs, saw them requiring an almost impossible 22 runs off one delivery.
Speaking in 2007, Duckworth, who lived in Gloucestershire, said he recalled hearing BBC Test Match Special commentator Christopher Martin-Jenkins "on the radio, saying 'surely someone, somewhere, could come up with something better'".
"I realised that it was a mathematical problem that required a mathematical solution," he said.
The subsequent Duckworth-Lewis method was first used in the ICC Trophy in Malaysia in 1997 and in 1998, it was applied in New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, India and West Indies.
The International Cricket Council adopted the method for the 1999 World Cup in England and it was adopted on a trial basis for all cricket by the ICC in 2001 before becoming the permanent solution three years later.
It is now known as the Duckworth-Lewis-Stern method after Australian statistician Prof Steven Stern became the custodian of the method following his predecessors' retirement.
Stern updated the method in 2014 to take into account modern scoring trends and T20 cricket.
The method was used as recently as Tuesday in the rain-affected World Cup match between Afghanistan and Bangladesh.
Duckworth received an honorary doctorate from the University of Bath in 2015.
In the citation, it said he had been as important to the nuclear industry as he had been to cricket.
"He came to realise the importance of statistics, not just to ensure reactor safety but also to assure the public that the reactors are safe," it said.
"At that time, there were no statisticians working at the laboratories, so he set about making himself into a statistician.
"Then he had to convince his colleagues and others of the power of statistics, and spreading that idea has been at the core of everything he has done since.
"Persuading the cricket administrators that statistics could help them was just another example of that."
Eastaway said while the statistician had been a powerhouse when it came to numbers, he also had a lighter side.
"When Tony Lewis died in 2020, he phoned to tell me that people thought he was already dead," he said.
"They were like a comedy double act.
"Lewis was the straight man and Frank was very jovial."
BBC/ABC
