News | Law and Order
24 Nov 2024 6:01
NZCity News
NZCity CalculatorReturn to NZCity

  • Start Page
  • Personalise
  • Sport
  • Weather
  • Finance
  • Shopping
  • Jobs
  • Horoscopes
  • Lotto Results
  • Photo Gallery
  • Site Gallery
  • TVNow
  • Dating
  • SearchNZ
  • NZSearch
  • Crime.co.nz
  • RugbyLeague
  • Make Home
  • About NZCity
  • Contact NZCity
  • Your Privacy
  • Advertising
  • Login
  • Join for Free

  •   Home > News > Law and Order

    We Solve Murders by Richard Osman demonstrates the impact of ChatGPT on forensic linguistics

    ChatGPT is posing new puzzles for the real teams of forensic linguists attempting to solve crimes.

    Robert Davies, Research Assistant, Forensic Linguistics, Aston University, Emily Chiang, Research Associate, Aston Institute for Forensic Linguistics, Aston University
    The Conversation


    This article contains spoilers for We Solve Murders.

    We Solve Murders is the latest crime novel from Richard Osman, bestselling author of The Thursday Murder Club series. The story follows Amy Wheeler, a bodyguard for the security firm Maximum Impact, and her father-in-law, Steve Wheeler, a former London detective now handling small-town investigations in rural England.

    Amy’s latest assignment is to protect Rosie D'Antonio, the world’s most famous author (“if you don’t count Lee Child”). However, what begins as a routine assignment takes a dangerous turn when Amy becomes the target of François Loubet, a dangerous criminal picking off the associates of Maximum Impact.

    François pulls the strings of his operation from afar via email. He uses a unique communication method which involves running his messages through ChatGPT with the prompt: “ChatGPT, rewrite in the style of a friendly English gentleman, please.”

    As a result, his messages – whether they be to Maximum Impact’s CEO, or his own hitmen – adopt a distinctive linguistic style, marked by old-fashioned adjectives (“jolly”, “marvellous”, “blasted”), nouns (“luncheon”), address terms (“old bean”) and sign-offs (“tally-ho”). Together, these features evoke at least a parody of the elderly, well-to-do gentleman that François seems to be aiming for.

    Luckily, other characters immediately recognise the potential for linguistic traits to offer clues to François’ real identity: “Who is this man? There must be something that gives him away – a turn of phrase, anything?” Whether consciously or not, they are beginning to venture into the world of authorship analysis.

    Authorship analysis in the real world

    Authorship analysis involves attributing linguistic patterns to specific authors through the analysis of linguistic features including vocabulary, syntax and stylistic choices.

    Ted Kaczynski's mugshot
    Forensic linguistic analysis was crucial in finding the Unabomber, Ted Kaczynski. Federal Bureau of Investigation

    This task is of great value to criminal investigations that involve anonymous or disputed authorship and forms a core component of the field of forensic linguistics.

    When faced with a text of unknown authorship, forensic linguists are typically tasked with one of two versions of the problem:

    1. Who wrote this text? (authorship attribution)

    2. What kind of person wrote this text? (authorship profiling).

    A notable case is that of the Unabomber, Ted Kaczynski, whose manifesto was analysed and compared to his personal letters, which revealed a set of unique stylistic choices that were found to be consistent in both.


    Read more: How the Unabomber's unique linguistic fingerprints led to his capture


    These methods have also informed evidence in murder cases such as those of Amanda Birks and Debbie Starbuck. In both cases, linguistic analysis suggested that text messages and emails apparently sent by the victim were actually authored by their killers (in both cases their husbands) in order to mislead friends, family and the police.

    We don’t yet know the extent to which criminals are using ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) as a means of disguising their linguistic style. However, researchers are increasingly reporting on the various misuses of these technologies, from academic plagiarism to the spread of misinformation and creation of malware and fraud. There is no doubt among law enforcement and cybersecurity experts that LLM-assisted crime is a growing threat.

    The challenge posed by ChatGPT

    Fraud is one criminal domain in which we can already see LLMs providing linguistic assistance, for example in the construction of phishing emails. Thanks to this technology, they are increasingly personalised and devoid of the spelling and grammatical mistakes that once provided useful red flags.

    LLMs are beginning to disrupt countermeasures to criminal activity and create new challenges for authorship analysis in the future. The good news is, that as LLMs are increasingly put to malicious uses, researchers are harnessing the same technologies in the fight against crime including scam detection and countering hate speech online.

    A pair of hands holding a phone with Chat GPT loaded up.
    Large language models like Chat GPT pose new challenges to investigators. Ju Jae-young/Shutterstock

    Authorship analysis experts now face a third fundamental question to add to the previous two: Did a person write this text?

    As the use of LLMs further complicates authorship analysis, we are seemingly on the cusp of a shift towards new methods and approaches. One such complication is the likelihood that those using ChatGPT and similar tools to obscure their linguistic style will not stop at a straightforward “translation” of their message, as François does in Osman’s novel. Instead they will edit, tweak and extend the resulting communication to the point that we would consider it to be of hybrid authorship, containing style markers from both the LLM and the individual.

    While this scenario is more complex for the analyst, it also offers an opportunity, in that some evidence of the author’s style will remain and can be used to aid identification. Let’s hope the likes of François realise that, despite increasingly sophisticated tools, linguistic disguise will always be imperfect. Where criminal cases do involve a linguistic element, language analysis typically forms a small part of a far bigger evidentiary picture.


    Looking for something good? Cut through the noise with a carefully curated selection of the latest releases, live events and exhibitions, straight to your inbox every fortnight, on Fridays. Sign up here.


    The Conversation

    The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

    This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.
    © 2024 TheConversation, NZCity

     Other Law and Order News
     24 Nov: Police across the North Island have been busy - enforcing the new law banning gang patches
     23 Nov: The alleged crimes laid out in the ICC's arrest warrants for Netanyahu, Gallant and Deif
     23 Nov: Laken Riley's murder became a MAGA rallying cry. Now it's a backdrop to Donald Trump's mass deportation plans
     23 Nov: A Waikato prisoner's set to appear in court today, after allegedly escaping custody and assaulting two Corrections Officers during a medical appointment
     23 Nov: Fears the relationship between police and small towns could suffer under new gang patch laws
     22 Nov: A prisoner has been rearrested after making a run for it - from Waikato Hospital
     22 Nov: A 20-year-old's facing court, accused of scamming three elderly victims out of more than 200-thousand dollars
     Top Stories

    RUGBY RUGBY
    The New Zealand SailGP team is setting their F50 boat up to excel in light airs for tonight's season-opening regatta in Dubai More...


    BUSINESS BUSINESS
    Two people who share Division One's million dollar prize are tonight's biggest Lotto winners More...



     Today's News

    Cricket:
    India are 172 without loss - leading by 218 runs - after day two of the opening cricket test against Australia in Perth 5:46

    Accident and Emergency:
    A person's been killed and four others are injured after a three-vehicle crash on Waiotahe's State Highway 2 in Opotiki 4:46

    Law and Order:
    Police across the North Island have been busy - enforcing the new law banning gang patches 4:36

    International:
    Indonesian minister says Jakarta has agreed to return remaining Bali Nine members to Australia 21:57

    Business:
    Two people who share Division One's million dollar prize are tonight's biggest Lotto winners 21:56

    International:
    George Russell takes F1 Las Vegas Grand Prix pole and Max Verstappen starts ahead of Lando Norris 21:17

    Entertainment:
    Keke Palmer is living her life "on [her] own terms" 20:39

    Entertainment:
    Billie Eilish has been named as Apple Music's Artist of the Year 20:09

    Entertainment:
    Kristin Cavallari won't waste her time dating the wrong person 19:39

    International:
    Five remaining Bali Nine members could soon be transferred to Australia 19:37


     News Search






    Power Search


    © 2024 New Zealand City Ltd